Blog Archive MBA News Recommendations for Recommendations

Blog Archive MBA News Recommendations for Recommendations Dee Leopold, Admissions Director of Harvard Business School, recently posted a few useful tips on recommendation selection.   First and foremost, as all admissions officers will tell you, you should consider the nature of and closeness of your working relationship ahead of your recommenders title. Rather than ask those who are high-up the org-chart and will write a letter full of praiseful adjectives but do not know you all that well, you should ask those who will offer credible examples that showcase who you are as a subordinate. Indeed, HBS does not want peer recommendations, but finds it helpful when candidates choose recommenders who have more experience than you. If you are concerned that your relationship to the recommender will not be clear, Ms. Leopold invites you to write a brief explanation in the additional information section to explain your choices. Finally it is important to note that HBS is looking out for you. Ms. Leopold advises that you not take unnecessary risks in asking for a recommendation. If you think that tipping your business school hand could have a detrimental impact on your career, feel free to ask past employers and explain your choices to the AdCom. Share ThisTweet News

The U.S. National Debt and Selected Reduction Plans and...

Fifteen trillion three hundred and fifty-six billion one hundred and forty million dollars was the measure of the public debt at last count in January 2012 (The Bureau of Public Debt). Even at the current higher-than-average national average gas price of $3.51 that could buy more than four trillion gallons of gas (Pankratz). That’s enough gasoline to drive a Hummer H2 around the equator of the Earth one hundred and seventy-five million times. It is also 31 times the U.S. yearly consumption of gasoline(U.S. Department of Energy). The ratio of government debt held by the public to current dollar gross domestic product is 70 percent but the ratio of total debt including intergovernmental holdings to GDP is 102 percent (Bureau of Economic†¦show more content†¦He started with a debt of $10.6 trillion and the current debt is $15.3 trillion. A lot of that comes from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act in 2009. Bush accumulated debt faster than the presidents before hi m and Obama is continuing the trend. Of course, the president isn’t solely responsible for the debt but it proves a good way to organize. The debt could lead to a financial crisis. A U.S. credit default or fears of such default could cut off credit flowing to the United States. A true sovereign debt crisis is unlikely to occur in the United States as the U.S. debt is held in dollars and the Federal Reserve could always print more dollars (Wallison). A true crisis could only occur if our debt was held in the Euro or Chinese Yuan. But the U.S. could still have a pseudo-default situation where concerns about American ability to repay debt limit creditor’s willingness to loan money. Wallison sees the trend of divided government continuing and doesn’t see compromise as likely without the onset of a crisis. If Congressional Budget Office outlooks hold true, and the U.S. keeps it’s same policies the debt will be double annual GDP by 2041. When the markets and financial sector sees a point of no return where the Federal Reserve can’t pay off the debt without major inflation, a debt crisis consisting of damaging inflation will occur. This will send negative shocks through the U.S. economy. The buying power of the dollar will fall and Americans will no longer beShow MoreRelatedKellogg Annual Report50191 Words   |  201 PagesK e llo g g Co m pa n y 2009 annual report strength of The  ® Sustainable DePenDAble 11 Leadership Financials/Form 10-K Brands and Trademarks 1 Selected Financial Data 12 Financial Statements 27 â„ ¢ strength of the â„ ¢ Table of ConTenTs 4 Financial Highlights 6 Letter to Shareowners Management’s Discussion Analysis 13 Notes to Financial Statements 31 Shareowner Information and â„ ¢ PeRFoRmAnCe â„ ¢ FoR moRe thAn A CentuRy, Kellogg Company has been dedicatedRead MoreThe Boeing Company 2007 Annual Report61846 Words   |  248 Pagesjetliners and military aircraft combined, providing products and tailored services to airlines and U.S. and allied armed forces around the world. Our capabilities include rotorcraft, electronic and defense systems, missiles, satellites, launch systems and advanced information and communication systems. Our reach extends to customers in more than 90 countries around the world, and we are a leading U.S. exporter in terms of sales. With corporate offices in Chicago, Boeing employs more than 159,300Read MoreGlobal Business8977 Words   |  36 Pagesfor connecting the world to the Internet. Brazil needs to be connected and Global Connections is the company to facilitate that move forward. In conjunction with the government, Global Connections will alleviate digital divide. 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I have calculated and made a plan for my stocks but could not stick to it because of that unexpected end. However, throughout the game, I have learned how to manage my money, how to do research on companies and their stocks, how to make disciplined decision, and most important, how

Analysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost - 1480 Words

Roberts 1 Jackson Roberts Dr. Marks AP English 11 Mar, 2015 Paradise Lost: A â€Å"Knotty Problem† In the world of literature, the most memorable characters are often those who are the most complex. Readers may sympathize with a character they find appealing, but the most enigmatic characters will stick out in their minds when they think back on their reading. In John Milton’s Paradise Lost, Satan provides an archetype for this sort of character. Throughout the poem, an obvious contradiction develops between the apparent heroism in Satan’s actions and his role as the poem’s main force of evil. First, it is clear that throughout the poem that Satan plays the role of the classic villain. It is often said that â€Å"actions speak louder than words†, and Satan’s actions in Paradise Lost are a continuous stream of dreadful deeds. One example of his evil doings that readers will be most revolted by is his incestuous impregnation of his own daughter, Sin. His resultant son/grandson, Death, then also im pregnates his mother, which also implies Satan’s evil genetics passing down through generations. When Sin surprises Satan by telling him that she is his daughter, rather than feeling remorse, Satan is glad, because he can use his kinship to Sin and Death to get free from the gates of Hell with sweet talk. When he tells Sin, â€Å"I come no enemy, but to set free/ From this dark and dismal house of pain,/ Both him and Roberts 2 thee† (2, 822-824), Satan further removes himself from theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost 1852 Words   |  8 Pagesliterary merit. Do not merely summarize the plot. (2010 AP Literature and Composition) Disobedience and Exile an Analysis of Satan from Milton’s Paradise Lost John Milton’s epic poem, Paradise Lost, has been the subject of criticism and interpretation through many years; these interpretations concur in that Adam and Eve are the sufferers of the poem, and it is their blight to lose Paradise because of their disobedience; however, their exile is merely a plight brought by Satan, and it is he who suffersRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost Essay2201 Words   |  9 PagesEve’s story arc in Paradise Lost, by John Milton, is a bildungsroman, the German word for a â€Å"novel of education.† Eve develops through the five stages of a typical bildungsroman character, as demonstrated by several different works from the genre. It will be useful to discuss several different bildungsromans from different eras and regions to fully determine the necessary characteristics of a bildungsroman, like The Odyssey, To Kill a Mockingbird, David Copperfield, Adventures of Huckleberry FinnRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s The Of Paradise Lost 1122 Words   |  5 Pageshumankind could be considered heroic according to well-known author John Milton. Book IX of Paradise lost portrays this sense of heroism through the sins of Adam and Eve, but also creates a sense of controversy through the unexpected personality swap between Satan and of God. This literary work is a major contribution to biblical and literary history; therefore a reason why this work is still read today. The poem must turn tragic, and Milton asserts his intention to show this great fall is more heroic thanRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost 1499 Words   |  6 Pagesbeing, an epic hero if that being has done what is required. In John Milton’s, â€Å"Paradise Lost†, the character of Satan presents itself as an epic hero, Milton tests that the character of Satan forces the reader to consider the possibility that Satan may actually be a hero, or at the very least, a character worth seeing in a more complex light. This along with the following examples are all showing how the character of Satan in â€Å"Paradise lost†, can be view and is viewed as an epic hero thought the novelRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost 1071 Words   |  5 Pages Writing AP Exam Essays Advanced Placement English Literature Composition Name Juan Linares Major Work Data Page Paradise Lost Writer/Nationality John Milton/ UK 1608-1674 Theme/Meanings of the work as a whole Disobedience plays a key role in the unfolding of Milton’s poem. Satan disobeys God because God gave him free will, and causes Eve to disobey Adam, to disobey God. Justification of God. Death must happen to the world but because of the Son, DeathRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost 1035 Words   |  5 PagesSatan is the first figure to speak in Milton’s poems in Paradise Lost. His words to Beelzebub are the sort of utterances a politician would make to his party members after a defeat. It combines convincement with the virtue of emotional manipulation. Satan’s words shift like a dream from expression of grief and sympathy to the restatement of united defiance, to which Beelzebub replies unconsciously. Milton creates this shift so subtly that it is hardly noticed and highlights through this that theRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost 869 Words   |  4 PagesIn his epic, Paradise Lost, Milton entertains the reader with his version of how one of the greatest falls of humanity occurred. Although many would consider God or Adam and Eve as the main characters in a story like this, the main character of this epic is truly Satan. Satan is shown as a strong and powerful character who is completely overwhelmed with emotions which create a type of hell in his mind; even when he is in heaven, he cannot escape his true life. Satan’s desire for vengeance on God’sRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost 1606 Words   |  7 PagesIn books one, two, four and nine of Paradise Lost, Milton portrays Satan as heroic, introducing freedom and reason to the minds and lives of humanity. Satan allows his subservient fallen angels, as well as Adam and eve to recognize authority, reason and the true meaning of freedom. The beginning of the story is told through Satan’s point of view, making him the first empathetic character the reader is introduced to. From the very beginning of Book One, Satan explains how him and other fellow angelsRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost1442 Words   |  6 Pages(Name) (Instructor) (Course) (Date) Heroism in John Milton’s Paradise Lost There are many definitions of a hero, and establishing the hero in John Milton’s Paradise Lost has been object to scholarly debate. One definition of a hero is that by Aristotle, who defined a hero as a person who is divine and superhuman. However, other definitions encompass the aspect of virtue in heroism. Despite all the definitions for a hero, it remains factual that a hero would be someone that the readers would delightRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost 1253 Words   |  6 Pages Students often read John Milton’s works with great difficulty; he is determined to have his audience know his goals and how important his writing is through epic metaphors and masterful language. In Paradise Lost, he tells his audience that this will the epic to end all epics and that this is the most important tale of all mankind: the fall of Man. Comparatively, Alexander Pope used the same style of epic not to tell an important tale, but to question much of the life of ar istocracy in his time

The Four Functions Of A Manager - 1277 Words

The four functions of a manager are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. These are key elements that managers must understand to run a successful organization. I will view each concept as well as their roles to acknowledge how these functions have been related to my personal experience in the work environment. Behind the scenes of a manager, they spend an equal amount of time planning so that he or she can successfully achieve the leading and controlling functions. These functions are standard for any industry that is striving to maintain a strong organization. While reviewing this paper, try to think of the four functions as a method that is established to build on each other. The four functions must be performed efficiently, and when done correctly, an organization will reap the accomplishments from a well-defined plan. My own experiences of how the four functions operate illustrates that each role requires a manager to devote time and patience in order to ensure that the main principles are achieved. Planning Bateman and Snell (2013) define planning as, â€Å"Specifying the goals to be achieved and deciding in advance the appropriate actions needed to achieve those goals† (p. 5). My past manager had a hard time planning daily tasks. She would make suggestions, but never followed through with the proposals. When I was an employee under her leadership I was lost at the beginning because of her lack of planning and efficiency within this function. For example, IShow MoreRelatedThe Four Functions Of A Manager1279 Words   |  6 PagesThe four functions of a manager are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. These are key elements that managers must understand to run a successful organization. I will view each concept as well as their roles to acknowledge how these functions have been related to my personal experience in the work environment. Behind the scenes of a manager, they spend an equal amount of time planning so that he or she can successfully achieve the leading and controlling functions. These functions areRead MoreMgt 330 Functions of Management Essay1046 Words   |  5 PagesFour Functions of Management Tayshia Forrest MGT 330 May 15, 2011 Didier S.D. Opotowsky University of Phoenix Abstract: The objective of this paper is to explain and define the four functions of management, which are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. The paper will also explain how these four functions are incorporated in the fast food franchise of Hardees and Carl Jr. restaurants. 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This report will look at the four functions planning, organizing, directing and controlling. In business managers are divided into three parts: top-level, middle managers and first-level managers. Each level of management uses the four functions of managementRead MoreImproving Management Styles1097 Words   |  5 PagesManag ement Styles and Their Function In the article When the Problem is Management, author Lawrence Sawyer takes a look at the different styles that managers have in their practice, how they can better perform their functions and how they relate to the four basic functions of management. As an internal auditor, Mr. Sawyer provides some insight to these managers in helping them and their departments make better use of the tools they have and points out what basic function they are violating. ThisRead MoreThe Four Functions of Management946 Words   |  4 PagesThere are four functions of management that allow any organization to handle the tactical, planned and set decisions. The four basic functions of management are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. The four basic functions of management are just to have a controlled plan over the preventive measure. The functions of management define the process of management as diverse from accounting, finance, marketing, and other business functions. These function s provide a useful way of classifyingRead More4 Four Functions of Management1180 Words   |  5 PagesManagement Four Functions Rosa L. Flores University of Phoenix Management: Theory, Practice, and Application/ Mgt 330 Kennett Baca December 20, 2008 Management Four Functions This paper will define the four basic functions of management; planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. This paper will also describe how these were applied in my worksplace. Management definitively has more functions than just the four mentioned above. The four that will be discussed in this paper are the four basicRead More Improving Management Styles Essay1056 Words   |  5 PagesStyles and Their Function nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the article When the Problem is Management, author Lawrence Sawyer takes a look at the different styles that managers have in their practice, how they can better perform their functions and how they relate to the four basic functions of management. As an internal auditor, Mr. Sawyer provides some insight to these managers in helping them and their departments make better use of the tools they have and points out what basic function they are violatingRead MoreFunctions Of Management As A Management Student969 Words   |  4 PagesAs a management student, we all know that there are four functions of manager which are planning, organizing, leading and controlling. Effective managers definitely know how those four functions are used to achieve organization’s success. We can understand it basically is managers must first plan, then organize according to the plan, lead others to work by following the plan, and finally evaluate the effectiveness of the pl an. Management is a process where each steps are built from the others. In

Hygiene And Infection

Questions: 1.Detail the process that you will take to Clean, Disinfect and or Sterilise each of these items. 2.List three possible reasons why a pouch that has just been removed from a completed autoclave tray would be considered unsterile and needs to be reprocessed?3.List 5 items for each Classification in the table below- your answer may include Instruments and other items used in the Dental Clinic. 4.Explain why you need to Completely remove all Blood Saliva and other Debris from Instruments before Sterilisation can take effect.5 Explain why Household Detergent is not recommended for use when Cleaning Instruments. Answers: 1.There are four basic areas through which all the instruments and materials used in dental treatment are processed in a single loop from dirty, to clean, to sterile and to storage without ever doubling back. Before proceeding with instrument processing, PPE should be worn which includes Nitrile utility gloves, protective clothing, protective eyewear and mask (Palenik CJ, 2001). The 4 cotton rolls, used gloves, used masks, prophylactic cup, patient treatment bib are disposed in yellow bags which are labelled as clinical waste. The rest of the contaminated instruments are taken to the sterilization/processing area. The instruments should be transported in a rigid, leak-proof and covered container. The instruments are cleaned using a hands free, mechanical process like ultrasonic cleaner or instrument washer (Cuny E Bednarsh H). Disinfect the instruments except high speed handpiece and contra-angle slow speed handpiece by dipping them in a disinfectant solution. Then the all the instrument are packed before sterilization. Both the hand pieces and the rest of the instruments can be sterilised in autoclave. Package the instruments. The instruments are sterilised in accordance with manufacturers instructions. After sterilization cycle, sterilizer is depressurised and the packs remain in the steriliser to dry. Chemical indicators are checked on each pack to make sure that the instruments are properly processed and sterile. Sterilise packs are kept in clean, dry area. 2.The three reasons a pouch that has been removed from a complete autoclave tray would be considered unsterile and will need to be reprocessed areWet loads wet instruments are an evidence that they are non-sterile and should not be used. Water or damp spots on the instruments prevents it from reaching the intended temperature of sterilization. Because the package has not subjected to the intended lethality, it is considered not sterile. Furthermore, it also increases post contamination risk because dampness is the optimal place for the bacteria to grow (Sandle T, 2015). Sterilizing parameter measurements are in doubt for sterilization to be considered successful, there are numerous parameters like temperature, pressure, time, material being sterilised and then there are individual models within sterilizer brands. The sterilizers require clearance from FDA before the manufacturer can begin selling them. The FDA does rigorous testing of these equipments to ensure an adequate margin of safety in each cycle type which is claimed by the manufacturer. Therefore, if the parameters are not met, the instruments are considered unsterile (Cuny E Bednarsh H). Packaging is not intact it means that the instruments were either not packed properly or they have not been subjected to the intended sterilisation cycle and are thus considered unsterile. 3.Critical instruments are those which penetrate the soft tissue/bone or come in contact with the blood stream/ enter the blood stream or comes in contact with/enter the normal sterile tissue. These instruments have to be sterilised after each use.The critical instruments in dental practice are :- Surgical instruments Bone chisels Scalers Surgical burs Forceps (ADA, 2009) Semi-critical instruments are those which do not enter into the soft tissue/bone but come into contact with the mucous membrane/ non-intact skin. These instruments also have to be sterilised after each use. The semi-critical instruments in dental practice are:- Mirrors Reusable impression trays Amalgam condensers Cheek retractor Dental handpiece (ADA, 2009) Non-critical instruments are those which come in contact with intact skin. These instruments/devices have low risk of transmitting any infection and can be reprocessed between patients by low/intermediate level of disinfection. The non-critical instruments in dental practice are:- External components of x-ray heads Blood pressure cuffs Pulse oximeter Computers Stethoscope (ADA, 2009) 4.There is a misconception in the mind of people that cleaning process is less important than sterilisation in order to avoid infection. But it is interesting to know that immediate and effective cleaning of instruments after use can eliminate 99.99% of bacteria. It also decreases the possibility of infection through uninjured hands to almost nil. Cleaning of the instruments has the same effect as disinfection in reducing the infection risk. And on the opposite side, improper and inefficient cleaning will cause some protein containing microbes to remain on the instrument. And this would make all the sterilisation and disinfection not sufficient and of no use. Liquid medicine used in any dental practice causes changes the properties of proteins and it causes protein to adhere to the instrument, which would become difficult to remove later by cleaning (ADA, 2009). 5.The household detergents was invented only for removing starch from the dirty dishes.so it can be expected to clean blood containing protein effectively. It should also not be used for cleaning the instruments because the agents used to give colour and fragrance to the detergent cause pitting, corrosion, rust to the instruments. These household detergents can also damage the ultrasonic chambers used to clean the instruments. References: Cuny E Bednarsh H, Instrument sterilisation in dentistry, RDH magazine, vol. 7, no. 4, https://www.rdhmag.com/articles/print/volume-27/issue-4/feature/instrument-sterilization-in-dentistry.html. [16 December 2016] Palenik CJ (2001), Dental instruments sterilization: a six-step process, The journal of contemporary dental practice, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 84. Available from Pubmed [16 December 2016] Sandle T (2015), Ensuring sterility: autoclaves, wet loads and sterility failure, Available from https://www.ivtnetwork.com/article/ensuring-sterility-autoclaves-wet-loads-and-sterility-failures. [16 December 2016] ADA (2009), Sterilization and disinfection of dental instruments, American dental association, Available from https://www.ada.org/~/media/ADA/Member%20Center/FIles/cdc_sterilization.ashx. [ 16 December 2016] Fluent MT (2015), Instrument cleaning: why, who and how, Dental economics, vol. 105, no. 11. Available from https://www.dentaleconomics.com/articles/print/volume-105/issue-11/science-tech/instrument-cleaning-why-who-and-how.html. [16 December 2016] (2012), Batch labelling and recording of a load prior to sterilization, Oral health standard operating procedure, version 4, Available from https://www.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/370467/oh_section3_sop.pdf. [16 December 2016]

The Differences between Buddhist Music in Japan Essay Example

The Differences between Buddhist Music in Japan Essay Aragua The Differences between Buddhist Music in Japan, China and Tibet The Differences between Buddhist Music in Japan, China and Tibet The whole purpose of religion is to facilitate love and compassion, patience, tolerance, humility, forgiveness. -Dalai Lama Music plays an important role in religion, significantly influencing the worship practices of individuals who follow these faiths. As the music of a certain faith is influenced by the culture of a place, the music of certain peoples and places are influenced by the music of important religions that become deeply embedded in the culture. In this way, musical styles develop that are both religious and cultural, and are a reflection of both. This music is held in high regard by the people of these religions and cultures because it is the music that represents those aspects of life that are most precious. Culturally, music is a source of nationalist pride and unity for a group of people. We will write a custom essay sample on The Differences between Buddhist Music in Japan specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Differences between Buddhist Music in Japan specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Differences between Buddhist Music in Japan specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Religiously, music reflects how followers worship their respective deities. In the Buddhist practice, music and chants are used for meditation across the global span of the religion. However, different forms of music and chants are used in a variety of ways throughout religious practices. The music and different forms of chants in the Buddhist religion affect Buddhist practices, and are also influenced by the religion and the different locations around the world in which Buddhism is practiced. Japan, China, and Tibet have the highest concentration of Buddhists and Buddhism is an integral part of the culture in these nations. In addition to Buddhism being reflected clearly in the cultures of Japan, China, and Tibet, each of these nations also has their own forms of prayer expressed through raying musical styles. In order to further investigate the styles and forms of Buddhist music, a short history of the religion will bring many of the elements of this cultural and religious music to light. Buddhism is based on a concurrent following of Four Noble Truths and an Eightfold Path. The Four Noble Truths are: 1) that life consists of suffering, 2) that the origin of suffering is attachment, 3) that suffering can only be ended through Miranda, and 4) that the path to the end of suffering is the Eightfold Path. This Development. The basis of the Buddhist faith is the belief in Karma (that the sections one makes in their current life will be returned to them in their future lives) and Rebirth (that one will be reincarnated in another life after death). There are a variety of different forms of prayer, worship, and meditation practices in the Buddhist religion, and each of these practices involve different forms of music and chanting. Every detail of faith, from the Four Noble Truths to the deep belief in Karma, is reflected in the sounds of Buddhism. These sounds have become a part of the Japanese, Chinese, and Tibetan cultures and are a constant reminder of the Buddhist tradition in these parts of the world. For example, In a Zen temple, the hours of the day may be marked by the deep somber tones of the big o-gang bell in the bell tower, evoking the idea of impermanence (Mall 1959). A bell tower can be heard for miles around and will create an environment of thoughtful contemplation for the surrounding area, further connecting the culture of a location with the precious music of a religion, and constantly reminding practicing Buddhists of their beliefs and education to follow the Eightfold Path. The effect of a Buddhist Temple bell tower may be felt in a number of religious raciest; the Muslim call to prayer is heard from a mosque across entire cities at midday, and the melodious clanging of Catholic and Christian cathedral bells may at times reach a volume that could only be described as a roar, but each of these sounds is a reflection of the religious practices these holy buildings house. Buddhism is set apart from other religions in the intricate and sacred ceremonies that revolve around the music of the religion. Wellness expresses his rapture at Buddhist music, There is scarcely any religious denomination on the face of this earth in whose cared ceremonies music holds a more prominent place than Buddhism (Wellness 1957) In oral traditions of Buddhism, the words of a sacred text are learned and recited from memory. Chant is a ritual used as a musical representation of this oral tradition. Not only are sacred texts memorized, but when these texts are recited, they are said with rhythm and pitches, which create a more spiritual and reverent atmosphere during the ritual of chant. The Buddhist monks who perform these chants therefore memorize the sacred texts as well as the specific choral or pitched movements or intervals that are carefully placed throughout the chants to emphasize certain parts of the texts and evoke certain emotions tied to the sacred traditions reflected in the texts as well as in the act of chanting. This ritual of chanting is a religious experience for the monk who is performing the chants as well as for the viewers of the bring awareness to the mentality of truth and living deeply connected with the present moment, an important aspect of faith for followers of Buddhism. Again, Just as different countries have different styles of music that reflect their ultras and people, the three countries in which Buddhism is most prominent, Japan, China, and Tibet, have different cultural forms of Buddhist music that represent their strong Buddhist faith as well as integrate the musical instruments and aspects of their culture. The music of these countries is similar in many ways, laced together by the common thread of Buddhism to guide the development of music for worship, but each nation still reflects the unique culture of the place in the Buddhist music of the people. SOMY is an improvised chant that has two styles: rooky and rooky. SOMY uses the You scale, a pentatonic scale with ascending intervals of two, three, two, two and three semitones. SOMY is a form of esoteric ritual chant that is used worldwide in the Buddhist tradition, though the use of this chant is also relevant to the place in which people worship. SOMY is a type of music that possesses mystical syllables inhabiting the recitation of certain mantras. When this form of music is performed, the assembled congregation attain a blessing from hearing these chants. Since SOMY is a type of chant and meditation that is used in the Buddhist religion and cultures, it is influenced by the Buddhist faith, but t is also influenced by the cultures around it. While most forms of Japanese Buddhism use music quite prevalently, true SOMY is a rare find in Japan, present only in a select few temples on specific ceremonial occasions. In the scope of Buddhism in Japan, the influence of Buddhism of other cultures and the influence of other languages are accepted as a part of the music, and part of the ceremony. Japanese Buddhist liturgical chants are divided into three different categories: Bonsai, hymns in which Chinese characters stand for Sanskrit sounds, Was, hymns with texts written in Japanese, and Kansas, hymns with purely Chinese texts. In the way Chinese text substituting Sanskrit, and Chinese text standing alone are clear examples of the blending of languages and culture throughout Japanese Buddhism, and the truly worldwide breadth of the Buddhist religion. Surprisingly, hymnal texts written in Japanese only occupy one of the categories of Japanese Buddhist texts. The most melodious of these chants is the Was. Was tends to be heavily syllabic in style, poetic in text, and with a clear line, creating a musical chant that is most like the more Western understanding of religious hymns and worship music. Compared to Was chants, SOMY is much more complex musically, and the rarity of this type of worship music makes it that much more intriguing for anyone who is privileged to hear it performed. There are two levels of SOMY that are observed, the first style lies exclusively in the domain of priesthood, which passes from master to pupil continuously, as reflection of the that is observed is for the public to observe, but is still only performed by Buddhist priests and monks. Yet many of these mantras, or Hookup, are reserved only for those in priesthood. Hookup literally meaner a mystery piece or secret composition. The secrecy of these mantras is due to the belief that they are a psychic and cosmic force. There is power to this chant because of the presence of the mystic syllable mm, which is sacred in the Buddhist religion. In this way, the importance of music to Buddhism is further solidified by the private performances of SOMY, proving that the music and chants of the Buddhist tradition are not only for the benefit of the congregation or as a type of worship, but also as a sacred way of passing on priesthood between holy leaders. In another form of these Japanese chants, Kansas, four ritual sections comprise and cake sense of the chants, each a different genre of chants, used for different occasions and to evoke a variety of different emotional responses. The first, Bombay, is a hymn of praise, used during ecstatic times of worship. Second is the Gangs, an elaborate chant performed by priests while they deliberately and ceremoniously scatter lotus flowers, a Buddhist symbol of enlightenment. The don-on is an offering of pure chant or mantra to the Buddhist deity, Buddha himself. Lastly, the Shake-Joy is a chant that occurs toward the end of any service as a closing, a contemplative farewell. These chants explore Japanese Buddhism in greater depth and allow one to understand the different ways that music and chants are used in the ceremonies and services of the religion. The music of Buddhism is central to the faith because without music many Buddhist ceremonies could not take place, which is a crucial difference between Buddhism and other faiths, many of which employ music to aid worship, but the central aspect of the religion would not be lost if the music were missing. The important role that music plays to the Buddhist faith is clearly represented by the complexity of the music and chants. Each song and chant has a pacific meaning, a particular time and place, and even is performed by certain Buddhist leaders. After the Eddo period, Western music and influences enter Japan during a time known as the Meijer Period (1868-1911); however, the new western influence did not completely replace the traditional music styles that were established during the Eddo period. The Meijer period introduced western concepts such as harmonistic and fixed meter and tempo, which was not common in music from the Eddo period. These western influences were combined with the traditional Japanese scale and were implemented into the newly developed public school systems. Many of the songs that were used were traditional Japanese folk songs or western songs that had been translated into Japanese text. One of the primarily Japanese instruments with a religious affiliation is the Chihuahuas. Most of the recent pieces played on this instrument are derived from spiritual or meditative songs. During the Eddo period, a group of priests called the Sumo used the instrument as a spiritual tool to help focus breathing for meditation. These priests were from a sect of Buddhism that saw the instrument as a way to achieve enlightenment by playing songs that inspired Winnie is a term used by the Chinese that refers to music. Fabian is a term to denote Buddhist monastic chants. It has been used by the Chinese since Buddhism was introduced. Fabian in translation meaner scripture recitation; it is emphasized that the chants be tranquil. Chant is the only body of liturgical action and an expression of the liturgy itself. It is used to channel liturgical participation amongst the people. Gate is a sacred verse. Buddhist music has made an influence on world music Just as it has been influenced. Buddhist famine, which is characterized by a relaxed and say pace with solemn, soft tones. Chinese music has been influenced by Famine when it was developed to popularize a new style of giving sermons and publicizing the Dharma sung to famine melodies. According to the Vienna in Ten Recitations, regularly listening to Buddhist famine can give the following five benefits: a reduction in bodily fatigue, less confusion and forgetfulness, a reduction in mental weariness, a more elegant voice and greater ease in both personal expression and communication. The style of chanting in Tibet is called choral singing, it allows the monks to sing solo chords. The monks of Tibet are able to produce deep, guttural monotones that disperse into polyphony. As a Western listener it is likely to assume that the monks are singing in parts, however each monk is displaying a full set of sounds and pitches of firsts, thirds, fifths and additional overtones as well. The ability to produce these overtones and multi-phonics with one voice has been researched and there is no reason or explanation why these monks are able to sing this way. There has been studies that think it is because of the location of Tibet because it is located at the highest elevation in the world. The monks begin training at the age of twelve, before their voices will be classified as bass, baritone or tenor voice. The average monk is able to produce a D two octaves below middle C; which is beneath the range of most male singers. The ability to produce these sounds comes with great focus which allows the singer to achieve the awareness that is stated in the Eightfold Path. Meditation Mindfulness is Buddha word for meditation. By mindfulness he meaner: you should always remain alert, watchful. You should always remain present. Not a single thing should be done in a sort of sleepy state of mind. You should not move like a somnambulist, you should move with a sharp consciousness. SOHO There is a sense in which the monk, in deep meditation, is thought to hear within himself spiritual sounds of specific types that only he can hear. The frame drum, cymbals, conch horn, double-reed oboe, long trumpet and thigh-bone trumpet are though to evoke the thudding, crashing, ringing and tapping within his body; which mirrors the spiritual forces of the universe. (Mbabane: 21) Upon hearing these sounds, the pe rson may naturally become mindful of the Buddha, mindful of the Dharma and tart, so music inspires or induce the spirit with sounds that they hear. Music plays an important role in religion, influencing the worship practices of each individual who follow these faiths. In the Buddhist practice, music and chants are used for meditation across the global span of the religion. However, different forms of music and chants are used in a variety of ways throughout religious practices. The music and different forms of chants in the Buddhist religion affect Buddhist practices, and are also influenced by the religion and the different locations around the world in which Buddhism is practiced. From SOMY chanting in Japan to choral, monophonic singing in Tibet, there are many differences and approaches in attaining mental wellness and achieving focal awareness in the Buddhist religion to spread the Dharma and become as Buddha-like in nature as the individual Buddhist follower can. Whether one believes in a religion or not, and whether one believes in rebirth or not, there isnt anyone who doesnt appreciate kindness and compassion. -Dalai Lama Bibliography Chin, Pi-yen. Buddhist Chant, Devotional Song, and Commercial Popular Music: From Ritual to Rock Mantra.

Short Essay on Nelson Mandela

Short Essay on Nelson Mandela Short Essay on Nelson Mandela Nelson Mandela was a popular figure not only in South Africa but in the whole world, and this was mostly because of what he stood for and symbolized in life. Nelson Mandela, or Rolihlahla Mandela, was born on the 18th day of July in the year 1918 and adopted the name Nelson after he was named so by a teacher in the school where he was learning as a young boy. Nelson was born in the Transkei area of South Africa. Transkei is an area characterized by numerous mountains, grasslands and valleys. The area is located on the southwestern part of South Africa. Mandela’s father, Henry Mandela, was a tribal chief of the Tembu tribe and together with his wife and Mandela’s mother, Fanny, were related to the royal family of Tembu. Mandela, however, grew up without his father because his father passed on when he was only 9 years old. After which, an acting chief of the Tembu tribe raised him. Mandela received his basic education in a mission school where he excelled in his education and later attended college. While in school and college, Mandela enjoyed a variety of sporting activities, including running and boxing. While at the University of Fort Hare, Mandela trained as a lawyer and among his friends in law school was Oliver Tambo. Mandela, however, moved away from the law school in 1939 after students held a series of demonstrations in protest of the way the law school was run. Even though the custom required that his parents select for him a wife, Mandela did not want to abide by this custom of arranged marriages and he therefore left his home area and went to Johannesburg. It is in the city of Johannesburg that Mandela completed his studies and eventually became a qualified lawyer. It was after his education that Mandela decided to become more involved in finding solutions to the many problems that plagued the South Africans, in particular, the black-skinned South Africans. South Africa comprises mostly black individuals but there are also some European and Asian people in the South African community. The Dutch, also known as the Boers, came into South Africa in 1652 and it is they that colonized the nation up to 1815, when Britain took over the nation and made it part of the then expanding British empire. Even though the foreigners brought a lot of improvement to South Africa, the natives and the foreigners did not always live in peace and there were many instances when war broke out between the two communities. Often, the blacks did not have any say in the way South Africa was ruled and were heavily segregated under what came to be known as apartheid. It was this unfair treatment of blacks that drove Mandela to join and become an active participant of the ANC party in 1944. Mandela, Tambo and many other individuals then used the ANC as a vehicle to fight apartheid and finally give South Africans much needed freedom. How to write a short essay about Nelson Mandela: One of the ways of writing a short essay is to, first, draft a regular sized one and then make it more concise when rewriting it into the final draft. There is no need in wordy descriptions and long introductions; be straight to the point in all your arguments. It is also recommended, when writing a short essay, to address your argument to the general audience, rather than a specific group of people. This way, you can predict what questions your audience might have, while reading your essay. Our essay writing service is developed to provide students with custom written essays of the highest quality. All you need is to contact our website now!